In swimming, the shoulder is the queen of movement—and often the first to complain.
The so-called “swimmer’s shoulder,” or shoulder pain, is the most common musculoskeletal issue among swimmers, especially those who train freestyle or butterfly at high intensity.
- When is pain just a sign of fatigue?
- And when does it deserve clinical attention?
Why Does the Shoulder Hurt in Swimming?
A swimmer’s shoulder undergoes thousands of repetitive motions every week. The main risk factors include:
- Muscle imbalances between powerful muscles (such as the pectoralis major) and stabilizing muscles (such as the rotator cuff).
- Suboptimal technique, with strokes that excessively strain the joint.
- Incorrect load management: increases in volume or intensity that are too rapid, without adequate recovery.
Warning Signs Not to Ignore
Not all pain is pathological. However, if the following symptoms appear, it’s best to consult a specialist:
- Shoulder pain that persists for more than 7–10 days, even at rest or during non-sport movements.
- Pain that worsens during the recovery phase or water entry.
- A sense of weakness or instability, especially during the propulsive phase.
- Night pain or difficulty sleeping on the affected side.
Diagnosis: Clinical Assessment and Imaging
A specialist in sports injuries can assess the shoulder using specific clinical tests.
In some cases, ultrasound or MRI may be recommended to determine whether the issue involves tendons, joints, or is simply muscular overload.
With a clear diagnosis, the appropriate treatment plan can be initiated to resolve the problem effectively and prevent recurrence.
Key Guidelines for Managing Shoulder Pain
- Avoid self-treatment with ice or anti-inflammatories for weeks without improvement.
- Temporarily reduce training load, but don’t stop moving—always under clinical supervision.
- Introduce targeted strengthening and motor control exercises with professional guidance.
- Correct any technical errors with the help of a coach.
Prevention: The Real Goal
A healthy shoulder is also built outside the pool.
Dryland exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff, improve scapular mobility, and enhance core stability should be an essential part of every swimmer’s routine.
Load periodization and listening to your body are also key tools in preventing injuries.
Dr. Marco Gastaldo
Medical Doctor, Physiatrist, and Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Specialist
Isokinetic Turin
